1) What was the
significance of the development of agriculture?
Domestication – the taming and changing, of nature for the benefit
of mankind.
The end of the last Ice Age allowed warmer, wetter and more
stable conditions allowing the flourishing of wild plants, especially cereal
grasses
Starts storing food and creating permanent villages, now
required to support whole populations, the disappearance of large mammals may
have forced agriculture.
Some believe that increase in humans lead to a need to find alternative
food source i.e. agriculture.
Tools were developed, digging stick and hoe
It is believed that the transision between nomadic and
agricultural society only took 500 years to transition into a ag way of life.
Lead to the development of more tools, shrines, development
of villages
Humans had more time to focus on developing new technologies
Lead to access of food and grains and lead to trade
Domestication of animals used for tools and food
2) Discuss the
evidence that Paleolithic societies were more egalitarian than later societies.
Is this evidence convincing? Why or why not?
Yes, we see evidence in
with the Sans people, but cannot confirm that the Paleolithic people behaved
the same way. We see examples of this through the sexual freedom of gender
within the sans people, insulting the meat – social equality, few possessions
material equality, images show women being revered, but we cannot confirm our
ideas are what the images actually meant.
3) What did it mean to
be civilized to the Mesopotamians who created the Gilgamesh story?
Enkindu
(Beast) strength of the
gods, not settled, living in silence, shaggy, hangs with animals, drinks mere
water, and is the protector of the animals
(Human) seeks a friend,
eats bread (processed grass), drinks beer, lost connection to wildlife, gains
understanding, awareness of self, clothed
4) How is an empire
different from other forms of political organization? Give examples.
States, political systems
that exercise coercive power
Term usually refers to
larger more aggressive states, those that conquer and rule, and extract
resources from other states and people.
Usually made of a variety
of people and cultures under one political system
They were usually very
large, creating a presence that made it hard to avoid tax collectors and armies
Despite the violence –
they also fostered periods of peace, security, economic and artistic
development, commercial exchange, and cultural mixing.
5) Please list the
four eras we have discussed so far, along with their date ranges. How much can
you recall of the four comparative bullet points that go with each era?
Paleolithic – 250,000 YA
We evolved as homo sapiens
We used basic stone tools
Socially, we formed
ourselves into moving band of gather hunters
We migrated out of Africa
to different contents
95% of our species time
was this era
Neolithic – 17,000 YA
We out completed all other
species of the genus homo
We used advanced stone
tools for more complex purpose
We farmed ourselves into
small settled agriculture communities
All continents except Antarctica
populated by human
Ancient Era – 3,500 BC
H.S competed with one and
another for wealth and status of power
Wedeveloped a more
sophisticated tech, including writing
Agricultural surpluses
=> specialist => Civilization + city and state
Interatios of human from
different areas, leads to trade
Classical – 500 BC
Modern – 1348 AD
6) Who were the Big 5
seminal thinkers (+1) of the Classical era? What can you say about them in five
minutes?
7) Is it possible to
have a human society that is orderly but not oppressive? Cite examples that
might make you more confident in your answer.
8) Why does Strayer
change the term “hunter-gatherer” to the term “gatherer-hunter”? Is this change
consistent or inconsistent with the values of the Sisters of Notre Dame de
Namur as outlined in the Hallmarks? Should other scholars who write textbooks
on World History adopt this change?
9) Please discuss the
accomplishments of the Ancient peoples of the Indus Valley. Why don’t scholars
know more about them?
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